








You’re Asian. So you must be good at math, right?
“Not necessarily,” said New York University Professor Robert T. Teranishi. For over three years, Teranishi and other experts in education and Asian affairs have been examining what trials Asian-American students face in higher education.
Teranishi started the National Commission of Asian-American and Pacific Islander Research in Education (CARE), to examine issues affecting Asians in the United States. In June, CARE partnered up with the College Board to publish a report that seeks to dispell the perceptions that Asians are the “model minority”—a term that became popular during the Civil Rights Movement that deemed black people as “the problem” and Asians a hardworking “model minority,” according to the CARE report.
Catherine Diep, 16, from Muskogee, Okla. knew nothing about this comparison, but she still feels the effects of this perception.
“Most of the other Asians in my
school do exceptionally well, whereas I'm at barely above average level. And
most of the other Asian families own their own businesses and my family is just
recovering from some employment problems,” Diep said.
Teranishi said that factors such as a person’s birthplace, first language, socioeconomic status, neighborhood and reason for immigrating to the U.S. affect the success of Asians in American higher education. He noted that there are 48 different ethnic categories of Asians-Americans. Asians in the U.S. have a wide range of backgrounds and cannot be held to stereotypes, for example “All Asians are good at math.”
Diep, like Teranishi, wanted to make people aware of the
counter productiveness of Asian stereotypes. That’s why she founded a group
called “All Asians are NOT the same” on Facebook, which had 6, 594 members at
the time of publication. In the description on the group’s page, Diep posted a
list of negative and “positive” labels that she had heard in her public school.
She pointed out that not all Asians speak the same language and that none of
them comprehend find meaning when someone says “ching chong.” Diep also said
that not all Asians are short, skinny, bad driving Communists who are fresh off
the boat and excel in school.
Vice President of the College Board, James Montoya said that this “positive stereotype” that all Asians are intelligent and hardworking is hurting many students.
“The fact is that there are many Asian students that fit this framework of the ‘model minority.’ The point of the study is to show there are many Asian students who don’t.” Montoya said. “It is helpful knowing they’re not alone.”
According to the report, in 2003, 26.1 percent of all bachelor degrees awarded to Asian-Americans were in social science and humanities fields, not math, medicine or engineering. This was more than the national average of degrees awarded in those fields, which stood at 19.5 percent. In addition, 28.8 percent of bachelor degrees earned by Asian-Americans were for business or management, in contrast to the national average of 33.7 percent.
The report addresses three main inaccuracies: Asian-American and Pacific Islander (AAPI) students are “taking over” U.S. Higher Education, AAPIs are concentrated only in selective four-year universities and AAPIs are a homogeneous racial group with uniformity in education and financial attainment, culture, religion and histories.
What’s contributing to the stereotype that Asians are extremely high achieving is the high number of international students who attend college in the U.S. These Asians may be contributing to the perception of an Asian “take over” in higher education and why students have made up alternate meanings for acronyms, such as “made in Taiwan” for the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). He said that these international students tend to be exceptional in their fields and on average have higher SAT verbal and math scores than Asian-Americans who attended high school in the U.S.
“The group of students applying to the United States from abroad are among the best prepared students in the world. It is not surprising that their scores are higher compared to the high number of students in the U.S. and the diverse students in the U.S.,” Montoya said.
Another reason why people might
perceive there is an Asian invasion on the collegiate level is because Asians
tend to live in clusters. The report says that nearly half of all AAPI students
attend college in Calif., N.Y. and Texas. Also, two-thirds of AAPI students
attending college enroll in 200 institutions. In addition, more than three
times the number of AAPI students attending private four-year institutions
attended public two year colleges in 2000, debunking the notion that most
Asians attend selective colleges.
The report makes the distinction
between Asians who arrived to the U.S. via employment preferences and those who
came as refugees. Generally, immigrants admitted to the country with employment
preferences were from Taiwan, China and Korea; whereas refugees came from Laos,
Cambodia and Vietnam.
Ramona Kywe, 24, a theater major at
Columbia College, believes that the idea of a “model minority” applies to the
more affluent East Asian countries. Kywe, said that she felt the most pressure
to fit the mold of a studious Asian from Chinese students with whom she
attended high school.
“They’re so used to being lumped together,” Kywe said. “I’m ethnically part Chinese, but culturally, I consider myself Burmese. So, I don’t know much about being Chinese. When it comes to ethnicity and culture, people expect them to be intertwined but sometimes they’re not.”
NYU professor Teranishi emphasized that a major goal of the CARE report is not only to correct misconceptions about Asian-American students but also to encourage more specific research on Asian-Americans in higher education. Much of the information on which the CARE report was based was outdated or incomplete.
"It's an issue of relativity. While some data was more reliable, I wouldn't say it was completely reliable," Teranishi said. "Our point is that it is almost impossible to tell with the data that exists now. It's especially difficult with the Asian population because it's such a large, diverse population."
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*Four days after I posted this article on my blog, Mochi Magazine published the article on its Web site.